Most auto parts store will test the battery or alternator for free. Most should have the machine that tests it on the car too. You could have gotten a defect battery
Depending on how hot it is and how long you cranked the engine, it's possible that you fried the starter, causing the smoke.
Another guess- shorted wire is a possibilty. Another guess is stuck starter. The bearings get old and the starter gets clogged with dust, causing it to stay engaged, this acts like a generator and can do crazy things with the electrics. Also the voltage regulator on the alternator could be bad.
Depending on how hot it is and how long you cranked the engine, it's possible that you fried the starter, causing the smoke.
Another guess- shorted wire is a possibilty. Another guess is stuck starter. The bearings get old and the starter gets clogged with dust, causing it to stay engaged, this acts like a generator and can do crazy things with the electrics. Also the voltage regulator on the alternator could be bad.