[Moonshot Rattle Bucket]

To answer your main question, yes ANY broken vacuum lines or valves will have a HUGE effect on your Turbo and usually cause power loss and limp mode.

To your second question if the vanes move the full travel and the ends of the turbo and impeller shafts don't wiggle much with your fingers and spin freely it turbo is very likely okay.

 

[Moonshot Rattle Bucket]

If you're a little handy I would suggest buying a MityVac for troubleshooting your vacuum system. Also if you're vested in the idea of keeping and diagnosing / fixing your Tdi I would strongly recommend purchasing a VCSD from Rosstech.com or finding a used one on the forum classifieds. This will help you tremendously in knowing what's going on with systems. An OBDII will not give you all the information you need.