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Look through this writeup to remove the door cards.
http://myturbodiesel.com/1000q_how_to/a3b4/passat_dcard.htm
There could also be an issue with the handle. http://myturbodiesel.com/1000q_how_to/a3b4/doorhandlefaq.htm
$400 is way too expensive. For all you know, something fell off.
Study those writeups for pictures. Then remove the black plastic cover and the latch pictured here.
you can see how the plunger locks and unlocks the door once the panel and latch are removed.
If the plunger moves ok then you also know it's not a vacuum line problem. There is a vacuum pump in the trunk and vacuum lines in the door that move the plunger up and down smoothly instead of clunking it up and down with a solenoid.
http://myturbodiesel.com/1000q_how_to/a3b4/passat_dcard.htm
There could also be an issue with the handle. http://myturbodiesel.com/1000q_how_to/a3b4/doorhandlefaq.htm
$400 is way too expensive. For all you know, something fell off.
Study those writeups for pictures. Then remove the black plastic cover and the latch pictured here.

you can see how the plunger locks and unlocks the door once the panel and latch are removed.
If the plunger moves ok then you also know it's not a vacuum line problem. There is a vacuum pump in the trunk and vacuum lines in the door that move the plunger up and down smoothly instead of clunking it up and down with a solenoid.