What are the main differences between generations, models, and engines in VW's TDI cars?
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Introduction

The TDI brand came to North American with the Mk3 (3rd generation) 1996 Passat TDI.  The most noticeable differences were the electronically controlled distributor injection pump (Bosch VE pump), turbocharging with intercooling, and a new engine.  The Mk4 and Mk5 generation of TDI each received improvements over the last generation in safety, comfort, and features but became slightly more mechanically complex.  The big difference was the transition from direct injection using the Bosch VE injection pump to the pumpe duse injection system beginning in 2004 (for North America).  Below are links with more detailed information about the cars including generational differences, model differences, and interchangeable parts.  At the bottom is information showing the difference between the old direct injection, pumpe duse, and the new common rail fuel injection.

Mk3 jetta and passat differences (1996-1999 jetta and passat differences and interchangeable parts)

Mk3 - Mk4 generational differences (3rd vs 4th generation)

Mk4 pre pumpe duse (1998-2003) and post pumpe duse (2003-2005) cosmetic differences (4th generation mid life cosmetic differences)

MK4-MK5 generational differences (4th vs. 5th generation)

Bosch direct injection vs. pumpe duse vs. common rail engines